Intra-parotid facial nerve path by MRI tractography: radio-clinical comparison in parotid tumors

Purpose The objective of our study was to evaluate the ability of preoperative MRI tractography to visualize and predict the path of the facial nerve with respect to an intra-parotid mass. Methods We performed an observational bicentric study from June 2019 to August 2020. All patients older than 18 years old, treated for a parotid mass with surgical indication, without MRI contraindication and who agreed to participate in the study were enrolled prospectively. All patients underwent a cervico-facial MRI with tractographic analysis. Postprocessed tractography images of the intra-parotid facial nerve were analyzed by two expert radiologists in head and neck imaging. The intraoperative anatomical description of the facial nerve path and its relationship to the mass was performed by the surgeon during the operation, with no visibility on MRI examination results. A statistical study allowed for the description of the data collected as well as the measurement of inter-observer agreement and agreement between tractography and surgery using kappa coefficients. Results Fifty-two patients were included. The facial nerve trunk and its first two divisional branches were visualized via tractography in 93.5% of cases ( n = 43). The upper distal branches were visualized in 51.1% of cases ( n = 23), and the lower branches were visualized in 73.3% of cases ( n = 33). Agreement with the location described per-operatively was on average 82.9% for the trunk, 74.15% for the temporal branch, and 75.21% for the cervico-facial branch. Conclusion Fiber tractography analysis by MRI of the intra-parotid facial nerve appears to be a good test for predicting the path of the nerve over the parotid mass and could be an additional tool to guide the surgeon in the operative procedure.