Climatology of Planetary Boundary Layer Height over Jiangsu, China, Based on ERA5 Reanalysis Data

Based on the hourly ERA5 reanalysis dataset of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) from 1 January 1979 to 31 December 2019, the climatology of the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) in Jiangsu, China, is studied. The PBLH based on ERA5 is verified by using radiosonde data, and the results show that the PBLH based on ERA5 fits very well with the PBLH diagnosed by the radiosonde data. Overall, the daytime average PBLH is between 700 and 1200 m, which is higher in the north and lower in the south. It is between 100 and 400 m at night, and it is lower in the north and higher in the south. The PBLH exhibits complex spatiotemporal variation. In the daytime, the PBLH in inland areas is highest in spring, followed by fall and summer, and lowest in winter. At night, the seasonal variation in the PBLH is less obvious. The seasonal variation in the PBLH in coastal areas is higher in fall and winter and lower in spring and summer. The PBLH shows an obvious diurnal cycle, usually reaching its peak at 14:00 (LST) or 15:00 (LST). The diurnal cycle of the PBLH is significantly positively correlated with the near-surface temperature and wind speed and significantly negatively correlated with the relative humidity and lower tropospheric stability. Over these 41 years, the daytime PBLH has increased significantly in most areas. The increase in the PBLH can be attributed to the increase in near-surface temperature and the decrease in near-surface relative humidity and lower tropospheric stability.