Analysis of the tourism-economy-ecology coupling coordination and high-quality development path in karst Guizhou Province, China

•A TEE system framework of ecologically fragile development is proposed.•Cities with low CCD showed higher rate of improvement in the later period.•The ecological environment has been greatly improved in Guizhou Province.•The problem of insufficient impetus for economic growth is prominent.•Rational development of tourism in fragile areas can improve people's living quality.