Imaging of Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome and Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome

Pathophysiological mechanisms of PRES and RCVS are still not fully understood. Although distinct clinical and imaging features have been described, shared precipitating factors, clinical and imaging features frequently co-exist suggest-ing common pathophysiological mechanisms related to reversible dysregulation of cerebral vasculature, endothelial dysfunction, and break-down of the blood-brain barrier. Although PRES and RCVS are usually fully reversible with early diagnosis and prompt treatment, some patients develop hemorrhage or ischemia often resulting in permanent disabilities. Radiologists need to be aware of the typical and atypical imaging manifes-tations of these syndromes to make an accurate diagnosis. Neuroimaging helps in early diagnosis avoiding unnecessary or dangerous treatments, improving outcomes, and may give new insights into understanding etiologies and pathophysiology as well.