Cosmological Time Crystals from Gauss-Bonnet Gravity in Four Dimensions
arxiv(2023)
摘要
We investigate various cosmological aspects of a 4-Dimensional Gauss-Bonnet
Lagrangian, which is integrated into the Einstein Lagrangian with an arbitrary
sign, using the Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric. We consider
a general potential term, V(a), that depends on the scale factor a, and we
analyze several scenarios by investigating the critical points of the dynamical
equations and stability conditions to understand how the universe's behavior is
affected by the Gauss-Bonnet term. Our research suggests that choosing the
negative sign, this integration allows for the spontaneous breaking of time
reflection symmetry. This can lead to the generation of a bounce universe even
with a normal matter sector, marking a significant departure from traditional
theories. Furthermore, we examine the possibility of a time-crystal universe,
showing that under certain circumstances, the theory might give rise to cyclic
universes.
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