Abdominal Aerobic Endurance Exercise Reveals Spot Reduction Exists: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The existence of spot reduction, exercise-induced local body fat reduction, has been debated for half a century. Although the evidence is equivocal, no study has applied aerobic endurance training closely matching interventions for energy expenditure. Sixteen overweight (BMI: 29.8 +/- 3.3(SD) kg m(-2)) males (43 +/- 9 years) were randomized to: (1) abdominal endurance exercise (AG), combining treadmill running at 70% HRmax (27 min) with 4 x 4 min (30%-40% maximal strength, 1RM) of torso rotation and abdominal crunches (57 min), 4 days & sdot;week(-1) for 10 weeks; or (2) control group (CG) performing only treadmill running (45 min) at 70% HRmax. Local fat mass was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), along with 1RM, and pulmonary oxygen uptake (to control energy expenditure during training). Trunk fat mass decreased more (697 g, 3%, p < 0.05) in AG (1170 +/- 1093 g, 7%; p < 0.05) than in CG (no change). Total fat mass (AG: 1705 +/- 1179 g, 6%; CG: 1134 +/- 731 g, 5%; both p < 0.01) and body weight (AG: 1.2 +/- 1.2 kg, 1%, p < 0.05; CG: 2.3 +/- 0.9 kg, 3%, p < 0.01) decreased similarly in AG/CG. Torso rotation (AG: 32 +/- 16 kg, 39%, p < 0.01; CG: no change) and abdominal crunch 1RM (AG: 35 +/- 16 kg, 36%, p < 0.01; CG: 13 +/- 12 kg, 17%, p < 0.05) increased more (p < 0.05/0.01) in AG than CG. Abdominal endurance exercise utilized more local fat than treadmill running, indicating that spot reduction exists in adult males.