Role of surgery in T4N0-3M0 esophageal cancer

This study aimed to investigate an unsettled issue that whether T4 esophageal cancer could benefit from surgery. Patients with T4N0-3M0 esophageal cancer from 2004 to 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were included in this study. Kaplan–Meier method, Cox proportional hazard regression, and propensity score matching (PSM) were used to compare overall survival (OS) between the surgery and no-surgery group. A total of 1822 patients were analyzed. The multivariable Cox regression showed the HR (95