Measurement of Insertion Losses of Aqueous Calcium and Sodium Chloride Solutions in Liquid and Solid Aggregate States in a Coaxial Cell

This paper presents the results of measuring frequency dependences of S-parameters of various aqueous solutions depending on their aggregate state (liquid, solid) in the coaxial cell with regard to temperature. The measurement was performed in the temperature ranges of 0-50°C and -50-0°C, and the frequency ranges of 0.01-12 GHz. It was shown that the values of S-parameters are influenced not only by the dissolved chemical substances, but also by their concentration. To analyze the electrophysical properties of aqueous solutions, the values of the level of losses introduced by them were calculated. It is shown that temperature has a minimal effect on the level of insertion losses when placed inside a coaxial cell for a plastic container, as well as aqueous solutions in the same aggregate state. The frequency dependences of S-parameters of solutions in liquid and solid aggregate states were visualized using the principal component analysis. The relationship between the chemical composition of the solution and its aggregate state was revealed.