Rotational effect of a cylinder on hydro-thermal characteristics in a partially heated square enclosure using CNT-water nanofluid

Rotating cylinder movement in a cavity flow is an exciting field of study in heat transfer. Considerable research has been carried out on rotating cylinders under MHD mixed convection in various types of enclosures. However, considering partially heated square enclosure and magnetic field using CNT-water nanofluid is very limited. This study's goal is to assess the hydrothermal phenomena in a square enclosure with a rotating cylinder. Simulation has been conducted for different rotational speeds (omega) and dimensionless times (tau) to observe the thermal and fluid flow behaviour. The Galerkin Residual based finite element method has been used to conduct nu-merical calculations. The results are shown as isotherms, streamlines, and average Nusselt number at the cylinder wall. Moreover, the drag force at the moving wall, and the fluid properties such as the root mean square (rms) of velocity, the temperature, the vorticity functions, and the average fluid temperature are also presented. The heat transfer rate, drag force, rms velocity, and temperature increase with the rise of rotational speed and dimensionless time rise. Maximum vorticity occurs at omega = 8 and tau = 1. The maximum vorticity function increases 12 times with the increasing rotational speed. Higher rotational speed leads to increased average fluid temperature. The case of omega = 8, tau = 1 shows the most temperature variance, while omega = 1, tau = 0.1 has the least. Increasing rotational speed results in higher drag force on the cylinder's surface. At omega = 4, the drag force is 2.8 times greater than at omega = 2. Overall, the fluid flow and thermal performance boost up while the rotating speed of the cylinder is higher.