Design and sustainable production of natural carbon incorporated CuO/C nanocomposite using Cyperus rotundus biomass

The synthesis of CuO/C nanocomposites was fabricated using an uncomplicated and eco-friendly method by Cyperus rotundus ( C. rotundus ) leaf extract. The formation of nanocomposites and their size were optimized with various factors, such as operational parameters, viz. exposure time, temperature, and concentration of the precursor, by response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of the synthesis of CuO/C nanocomposite samples and their characterization by various analytical techniques such as UV, XRD, XPS, EDX, SEM, and TEM have been reviewed and confirmed. The XRD patterns revealed that the biosynthesized CuO/C sample exhibited a monoclinic and crystalline structure. Moreover, the elements available in nanocomposites were determined as Cu 2p, O 1 s, and C1s using XPS analysis. The TEM pictures reveal the morphology of the nanocomposites as spherical in form, with an average size of 30 nm. Additionally, synthesized CuO/C nanocomposites were examined for toxic effects on the mortality of two-winged insect larvae, and they were absolutely found to be extremely active and considerably kill larvae. The molecular docking study found that the nanocomposites were able to bind to the target protein with high affinity, which suggests that they are likely to be effective larvicidal agents. Our existing analysis findings can open up a replacement void for the larvicidal analysis exploiting biosynthesized nanocomposites.