Genome-wide identification and characterization of the dof gene family in mango (Mangifera indica L.)

DOF transcription factors are essential plant-specific gene regulators that are crucial in plant growth and stress responses. Mangifera indica, a tropical fruit species with diverse applications, undergoes complex genetic regulation during fruit ripening, influenced by climacteric conditions. This study focuses on DNA-binding one zinc finger genes (MiDofs) in Mangifera indica (mango) and their response to drought stress during fruit development. We found 36 MiDof genes in mango, categorizing them into six distinct clusters based on evolutionary relationships. Despite variations in various characteristics, the fundamental structures of these MiDof transcription factors remained consistent. Notably, two MiDof genes were outside the nucleus. Gene structure analysis and motif identification revealed common features among all MiDofs, with certain genes like MiDof5.3 and MiDof2.2 performing unique functions. Our analysis of conserved domains highlighted crucial functional sites and protein–protein interaction networks, with the zf-Dof domain being the most conserved. Additionally, we explored cis-acting regulatory elements, shedding light on the mechanisms by which MiDofs respond to light and drought stress. Expression analysis demonstrated the involvement of MiDofs in mango fruit ripening and development under light conditions. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) confirmed the induction of MiDofs under drought stress when compared to a control group. This study contributes valuable insights to the field of fruit biology and provides a deeper understanding of the role of MiDof genes in mango fruit development, offering potential avenues for crop improvement strategies.