The role of DSOs, retailers, utilities, and aggregators in the new distribution network paradigm

Distributed energy resources are changing the game of the electricity network infrastructures and operating principles. The net-zero energy transition requires the integration of more volatile renewable energies, the transport and heating sector electrification, as well as an increase in system efficiency, affecting in particular the distribution networks as connecting point. Traditional stakeholders of the electricity networks and markets will have to discover new value streams and business models based on customer-centered services around resource flexibility to stay part of the game.