Peripheral Blood DNA Methylation Signatures and Response to Tofacitinib in Moderate-to-severe Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction Predictive biomarkers for treatment efficacy of ulcerative colitis [UC] treatments are lacking. Here, we performed a longitudinal study investigating the association and potential predictive power of genome-wide peripheral blood [PB] DNA methylation signatures and response to tofacitinib treatment in UC. Methods We recruited moderate-to-severe UC patients starting tofacitinib treatment, and measured PB DNA methylation profiles at baseline [T1], after 8 weeks [T2], and in a subset [n = 8] after a median of 20 weeks [T3] using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation EPIC BeadChip. After 8 weeks, we distinguished responders [R] from non-responders [NR] based on a centrally read endoscopic response [decrease in endoscopic Mayo score ≥1 or Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity ≥2] combined with corticosteroid-free clinical and/or biochemical response. T1 PB samples were used for biomarker identification, and T2 and publicly available intraclass correlation [ICC] data were used for stability analyses. RNA-sequencing was performed to understand the downstream effects of the predictor CpG loci. Results In total, 16 R and 15 NR patients, with a median disease duration of 7 [4–12] years and overall comparable patient characteristics at baseline, were analysed. We identified a panel of 53 differentially methylated positions [DMPs] associated with response to tofacitinib [AUROC 0.74]. Most DMPs [77%] demonstrated both short- and long-term hyperstability [ICC ≥0.90], irrespective of inflammatory status. Gene expression analysis showed lower FGFR2 [pBH = 0.011] and LRPAP1 [pBH = 0.020], and higher OR2L13 [pBH = 0.016] expression at T1 in R compared with NR. Conclusion Our observations demonstrate the utility of genome-wide PB DNA methylation signatures to predict response to tofacitinib.