Electrochromic properties of NiO films prepared by atomic layer deposition

Nickel oxide (NiO) films were prepared on ITO-coated glass substrates by atomic layer deposition at different temperatures. NiO films exhibit good anodic electrochromic properties because of their polycrystalline structures. The optical modulation observed at 550 nm was around 44%, changing color from transparent to black. The largest coloration efficiency at 550 nm was calculated to be 31.7 cm(2)/C.