Delirium

Abstract The syndrome of delirium is extremely common in palliative care patients, especially towards the end of life. Although routine screening may improve the detection of delirium, the healthcare team should remain alert to any changes in a patient’s behaviour or cognitive or physical function as potential indicators of either full-blown or impending delirium. This chapter describes the clinical assessment of delirium and its underlying causes. The role of non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions for delirium is discussed in light of recent research evidence. Delirium frequently generates high levels of distress for patients and their families, warranting the provision of education and psychological support as part of best practice management. It is also essential that healthcare professionals receive education to understand and manage some of the more challenging manifestations of delirium such as agitated behaviour.