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Security of Open Radio Access Networks

COMPUTERS & SECURITY(2022)

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Abstract
The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) is a promising radio access network (RAN) architecture aimed at reshaping the RAN industry toward an open, adaptive, and intelligent RAN. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive security analysis of O-RANs. Specifically, we review the architectural blueprint designed by the O-RAN Alliance, leader in the cellular ecosystem. As part of the security analysis, we provide a detailed overview of the O-RAN architecture; present an ontology for evaluating the security of a system that is currently at an early development stage; identify O-RAN's high-risk areas; enumerate O-RAN's threat actors; and model potential threats to O-RAN. The significance of this work is in providing an up-dated attack surface to cellular network operators. Based on the attack surface, cellular network operators can carefully deploy the appropriate countermeasures to improve O-RAN's security.(c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Key words
Open radio access networks,5G,Risk assessment,Threat analysis
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