Radiation Safety

Abstract This chapter explores the safe use of radiation amidst spinal cord stimulation (SCS) procedures. As ciné (real-time) fluoroscopy is needed to guide needle insertions and facilitate directing stimulator leads, a better understanding of fluoroscopy is essential, including the principles of safe and effective use of radiation. The chapter expounds on the process and repercussions of x-ray examinations. The biological effects of radiation from fluoroscopy largely depend on the dose, duration, and distance of the procedure. While normal repair mechanisms can render the impact of radiation on human tissues inconsequential, greater radiation exposure still implicates a greater potential risk for harm.