Pharmacists' experiences of using knowledge bases on medicines in pregnancy and breastfeeding

Accidental event is unavoidably dangerous if no countermeasure or forecast is provided as a reliable reference to design a mitigation or evacuation plan. Besides external loading, accidental loading, e.g., explosion may occur inside an engineering object. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a series of analysis to predict the structural behaviors subjected to internal explosion. A numerical investigation of the performance of pressure vessels against explosive loads is presented in this paper in order to reduce the impact of an explosion which has the potential to cause major damage to structural elements. An open-pressure steel pipe with an outer diameter of 324 mm and a thickness of 9.5 mm is given an internal explosive load in the middle of the pressure steel to determine the failure mechanism of the pipe under very high loading levels. Johnson–Cook modeling is suitable for numerical simulation of compressed steel strength testing. This study was designed and tested using finite element analysis on ABAQUS/Explicit.