Hofstadter moiré butterfly in twisted trilayer graphene

Mirror-symmetric twisted trilayer graphene (tTLG) is composed of even-parity twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG)-like bands and odd-parity Dirac-like bands. Here, we study the mirror-symmetric and mirror-asymmetric Hofstadter moir\'e (HM) fractal bands of tTLG. A quantum parity Hall state is identified in mirror-symmetric tTLG at experimentally accessible charge densities. This mirror-symmetry-protected topological phase exhibits simultaneous quantized Hall and longitudinal resistances. The effects of the displacement field on the HM fractal bands of tTLG and topological phase transitions are also studied. The application of an electric displacement field results in an emergent weakly dispersive band at the charge neutrality point for a range of twist angles. This zero-energy state resides in the middle layer. It is isolated from the HM spectrum by an energy gap that scales proportional to the applied displacement field, making it a prime candidate to host correlated topological states.