Aerodynamic Drop Breakup Suppression Due to Vaporization

The vaporization of a freely moving liquid droplet in a uniform high-temperature gas stream is investigated through direct numerical simulation.The sharp liquid-gas interface is tracked using the geometric Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method.The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved in conjunction with a two-fluid model for the thermal energy advection and conduction, with an immersed Dirichlet boundary condition at the interface to implicitly account for the latent heat absorption.The model is implemented in the open-source solver, Basilisk, which uses adaptive quadtree/octree mesh for spatial discretization and will allow for adaptive mesh refinement of the region near the interface.An acetone droplet at a moderate Weber number is simulated where the drop deforms into a bag shape and experiences breakup.The rate of vaporization of the drop is then increased to study the influence of vaporization on the drop breakup behaviour.By increasing the rate of vaporization, we observe the suppression of droplet breakup, making an otherwise unstable droplet stable.