Helminthic diseases: Taeniasis and cysticercosis due to Taenia solium

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) refers to infection of the human central nervous system (CNS) by the larval stage of Taenia solium. It is now recognized as a leading cause of seizures and epilepsy worldwide. NCC is endemic in Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, much of Asia, and parts of Oceania. It is also diagnosed in immigrants from endemic areas, including immigrants to North America, Europe, and the Middle East. In recent decades, there have been major advances in understanding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, antiparasitic treatment, and management. This has led to increased recognition of NCC and improved management. Keys to improved management include aggressive symptomatic therapy, along with antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory therapy tailored to the different forms of NCC. Interventions to eliminate the disease in focal geographic regions and eventually eliminate the disease worldwide appear feasible.