Biological and Eco-Friendly Cost-Effective Measure for Remediation

The natural environment is being spoiled with harmful chemicals from tannery effluent, industrial effluent, and domestic wastewater by human uses. Therefore, the avoidance of pollution and the degradation of harmful chemical compounds are essential for the future mankind. Several microorganisms are involved in the biodegradation of harmful contaminants in the soil including bacteria, fungi, and algal species. Phytoremediation is the best choice for many developing and developed nations to as it is an eco-friendly process for the decontamination of several environmental pollutants. Green plants absorb the wastes materials in the soil through their roots. Nowadays, in-vitro studies on the phytoremediation of emerging pollutants are giving better results. This chapter focuses on the recent studies on phytoremediation through various roots, including hairy roots, adventitious roots, and normal roots. It also reports the mechanism of biodegradation and enzymatic reactions that trigger the phytoremediation process. This information is essential for assessing the feasibility of a plant for the phytoremediation process before its application in the target site.