Eco-Energy-Efficient Simultaneous Lot-Sizing and Scheduling: A Tri-criteria Problem

In the context of lot-sizing and scheduling, minimizing energy consumption is a typical criterion for improving a company’s environmental footprint. In the literature, however, it is insufficiently questioned whether minimizing energy consumption actually also minimizes energy-related emissions. In this paper, we show that such a positive one-to-one relationship does not always hold. In fact, when energy prices fluctuate over time, energy costs may additionally conflict with these two goals. To demonstrate this, we develop a three-criteria lot-sizing and scheduling problem and derive the three-dimensional Pareto front using the elastic constraint method.