Analysis of high temperature trends and spatial and temporal distribution characteristics in Inner Mongolia in the last fifty years

Abstract Using the daily maximum temperature and ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) reanalysis data of 11 municipal meteorological stations in Inner Mongolia in summer, the comfort index (33.5°C), a high temperature threshold for the Inner Mongolia Region, was redefined by the percentile method and the Climatology method. The weather with maximum temperature ≥ 33.5°C was statistically analyzed and the spatial and temporal distribution of extreme high temperature in Inner Mongolia during the summer of 1973–2022 was studied. The results show that the average temperature in Inner Mongolia has increased in the past 50 years; the total number of high temperature days in the 23 years studied was 1179, with the highest number of high temperature days in Alashan League (265) and the lowest number of high temperature days in Hulunbeier City (18); The total number of hot days in Inner Mongolia from low to high is in the middle, east and west. The findings of the study can provide reference for the research on high temperature and agriculture and health in Inner Mongolia Region.