In vivo human lacrimal gland imaging using an ultrasound biomicroscope

Abstract Background : In the present study, we introduce human lacrimal gland imaging using an ultrasound biomicroscope (UBM) with a soft cover and show their findings Methods: The representative UBM findings of palpebral lobes in seven subjects (4 with non-Sjögren dry eye syndrome, 1 with Sjögren syndrome, and 2 healthy subjects) were described in this study. To prolapse the palpebral lobe, the examiner pulled the temporal part of the upper eyelid in the superotemporal direction and directed the subject to look in the inferonasal direction. We scanned the palpebral lobes longitudinally and transversely using UBM. We used an Aviso UBM (Quantel Medical, Clermont-Ferrand, France) with a 50MHz linear probe and ClearScan. Results: In UBM of two healthy subjects, the echogenicity of the lacrimal gland was lower than that of the sclera and homogeneous. But, the parenchyma of a patient with Sjögren dry eye syndrome was quite inhomogeneous compared to the healthy subjects. In two patients with dry eye syndrome, we were able to observe some lobules in the parenchyma. We could find excretory ducts running parallel at the surface of the longitudinal section in some subjects. In the longitudinal UBM scan of a subject, we observed a tubular structure at a depth of 1500 µm that was considered a blood vessel. It ran from the superonasal to the inferotemporal direction. In a subject, we observed a large cyst beneath the conjunctiva. Conclusions: Lacrimal gland imaging using UBM has both advantages of OCT and sonography, and could be useful for evaluating dry eye syndrome.