Fractionation of poplar through solid acid pretreatment assisted by mild alkali-1-butanol immersion to effectively produce xylose, glucose, and solid lignin

The efficient fractionation and recovery of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) constituents, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, are ideal for LCB utilization. In this study, we prepared a solid acid catalyst (SPS120-40) with high acid density using polystyrene resin (PS) as precursor. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by XPS, 13C NMR, TG-FTIR-MS, and so on to investigate its structural properties and thermal stability. During process optimization using FeCl3-assisted SPS120-40, a total of 78.9