Influence Factors and Prognostic Analysis of Peri-Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Premature Infants using Cranial Ultrasound

Background Peri-intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) remains a significant cause of mortality in premature infants. This study aimed to grade PIVH using cranial ultrasound and identify relevant factors associated with PIVH grading, with the objective of developing an assessment model to predict the risk of mortality in PIVH premature infants. Methods Relevant factors were analyzed to determine their correlation with the severity of PIVH. Logistic regression models and a nomogram were constructed to predict mortality before discharge in premature infants with PIVH. Results The results revealed significant associations between gestational age at birth, birth weight, 5-minute Apgar score, invasive ventilation on day 1, mortality before discharge, and length of stay with different degrees of PIVH. A regression model incorporating gestational age at birth, birth weight, and invasive ventilation on day 1 was established to predict the risk of mortality before discharge in premature infants with PIVH. Conclusions Low gestational age at birth, low birth weight, low 5-minute Apgar score, and invasive ventilation on day 1 are risk factors for severe PIVH in premature infants. The logistic regression model developed in this study may assist in the early clinical identification of mortality risk in premature infants.