Improving the Safety Culture and Climate of Smaller Construction Firms: A Necessary Addition to the OSH Intervention Model

The unsatisfactory safety performance of smaller construction firms has been identified as a challenge that requires further investigation and intervention. There are few studies, if any, that investigate the safety culture and climate of smaller construction firms. This study represents a much needed attempt to clarify the obstacles that prevent smaller construction firms from creating a satisfactory level of safety culture and climate. The study aims to propose a framework that is better suited for smaller construction firms based on literature. To validate the proposed framework, a questionnaire was designed and administered. The findings support the proposed framework and deliver an objective defining criterion that classifies smaller construction firms into small firms and micro firms. Among other factors, the findings suggest that smaller construction firms often lack systematic safety operations due to the absence of safety personnel. Accordingly, a revised occupational safety and health (OSH) model for smaller construction firms has been developed based on the model previously developed by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). It is expected that this study will improve safety intervention programs for smaller construction firms and the safety performance of the construction industry.