Quantitative Risk Stratification Models for Coronary Heart Disease in Primary and Secondary Prevention

Review Quantitative Risk Stratification Models for Coronary Heart Disease in Primary and Secondary Prevention Wei Jia#, Yang Qiang #, lin Lin , Canzhan Zhu , and Wei Jin * Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. * Correspondence: weijin@mail.xjtu.edu.cn；Tel: +86 13572140118 # Jia Wei and Qiang Yang are equally contributed to the manuscript. Received: 30 April 2023 Accepted: 13 June 2023 Abstract: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent non-communicable disease globally and has high morbidity, mortality and healthcare cost. Thus early and precise risk stratification is an important issue in the detection, diagnosis and therapy for CHD. There are a number of primary screening tools and risk scores involving CHD risk factors for cardiovascular disease worldwide, such as Framingham Risk Score, World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension and Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction charts (RiskWHO), American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) pooled cohort equations (RiskACC/AHA), ADAPT Protocol for Cardiac Event Risk. Those models calculate CHD risk based on CHD risk factors, including age, gender, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. This review will summarize the risk stratification models of CHD and related clinical evidence. It will also include a thorough analysis of the current risk stratification models and offer some advice for future risk stratification model development.