Oxytocin neurons mediate stress-induced social memory impairment.

Oxytocin has long been thought to play a substantial role in social behaviors, such as social attachment and parenting behavior. However, how oxytocin neurons respond to social and non-social stimuli is largely unknown, especially in high temporal resolution. Here, we recorded the in vivo real-time responses of oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) in freely behaving mice. Our results revealed that oxytocin neurons were activated more significantly by stressors than social stimuli. The activation of oxytocin neurons was precisely correlated with struggling behavior during stress. Furthermore, we found that oxytocin mediated stress-induced social memory impairment. Our results reveal an important role of PVN oxytocin neurons in stress-induced social amnesia.