Photosynthetic performance and root architecture of soybean co-inoculated with Amazonian microorganism strains are influenced by red mud application

Soil application of red mud (RM), which is a by-product generated during the processing of bauxite into alumina using the Bayer process, with beneficial microorganisms can represent a promising alternative for revegetation of contaminated areas. Nevertheless, to date, there are no studies on their simultaneous application as well as the use of regionalized strains of microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of the application of RM combined with the co-inoculation of soybean with Bradyrhizobium spp. and strains of beneficial microorganisms isolated from the Amazon in soils from contaminated areas. The study was carried out under greenhouse conditions, using co-inoculation of soybean seeds with Bradyrhizobium spp. plus Trichoderma asperellum, Bradyrhizobium spp. plus Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and only with Bradyrhizobium spp. (standard), in soil containing or not RM (1