Advancements in Ni and Co-based catalysts for sustainable syngas production via Bi-reforming of methane: A review of recent advances

In the past decade, Ni and Co-based catalysts have gained significant attention due to their remarkable efficiency in methanereforming processes. In the case of bireforming of methane (BRM), which involves methane, steam, and carbon dioxide, precise adjustment and control of catalyst properties are crucial. This helps to resist carbon deposition and prevent the sintering of active metal particles. In this context, researchers have proposed various types of catalytic supports and promoters with diverse characteristics. Additionally, exploring the inclusion of trace amounts of noble metals aims to to prevent the oxidation of the active metal phase during the reforming reaction. This comprehensive review starts by presenting the thermodynamic and mechanistic aspects of the BRM reaction. It then delvesinto recent advancements in support synthesis, focusing on methods to maximize the dispersion and enhance the thermal resistance of Ni and Co particles. Furthermore, the review explores the catalytic supports employed to improve the dispersion of the active metallic phase, their capability to store oxygen, and their interaction with the metal. Throughout the review, special attention is given to how support's nature, the incorporation of promoters, and other metallic phases can alter surface properties, regulate the interaction between the metal and support, adjust the electronic density of the active phase, and influence the reduction of the active metal. Finally, recent research directions focused on making BRM reaction conditions milder and favoring the process at low temperatures are summarized. This review consolidates pivotal advancements in the field, providing valuable insights for academicians and researchers.