Spatial O₂ Profile in Coix lacryma-jobi and Sorghum bicolor along the Gas Diffusion Pathway under Waterlogging Conditions

While internal aeration in plants is critical for adaptation to waterlogging, there is a gap in understanding the differences in oxygen diffusion gradients from shoots to roots between hypoxia-tolerant and -sensitive species. This study aims to elucidate the differences in tissue oxygen concentration at various locations on the shoot and root between a hypoxia-tolerant species and a -sensitive species using a microneedle sensor that allows for spatial oxygen profiling. Job's tears, a hypoxia-tolerant species, and sorghum, a hypoxia-susceptible species, were tested. Plants aged 10 days were acclimated to a hypoxic agar solution for 12 days. Oxygen was profiled near the root tip, root base, root shoot junction, stem, and leaf. An anatomical analysis was also performed on the roots used for the O-2 profile. The oxygen partial pressure (pO(2)) values at the root base and tip of sorghum were significantly lower than that of the root of Job's tears. At the base of the root of Job's tears, pO(2) rapidly decreased from the root cortex to the surface, indicating a function to inhibit oxygen leakage. No significant differences in pO(2) between the species were identified in the shoot part. The root cortex to stele ratio was significantly higher from the root tip to the base in Job's tears compared to sorghum. The pO(2) gradient began to differ greatly at the root shoot junction and root base longitudinally, and between the cortex and stele radially, between Job's tears and sorghum. Differences in the root oxygen retention capacity and the cortex to stele ratio are considered to be related to differences in pO(2).