Graduate competencies, employability and the transnational Radiography workforce shortage: A systematic literature review of current pre-registration Radiography education and training models

Introduction: Transnational mobility of the Radiography workforce is challenged due to issues with standardisation of current education and training models which has added to the workforce shortage. To address the growing volume, scope and complexity of clinical Radiography service delivery, educational models need to be given a critical look for transnational relevance in modern times. This study aims to synthesise the characteristics of current pre-registration radiography educational programmes linked with effective knowledge, skill acquisition, and graduate employability to address the current workforce challenges through the development of newer training models. Methods: Using a mixed methods systematic review approach, secondary data was obtained from an EBSCOhost search involving key databases including MEDLINE, CINAHL, Academic Search Ultimate, ScienceDirect, and SCOPUS. Themes were developed following a result-based convergent data synthesis. Results: Forty articles met the predefined inclusion criteria following the study identification and screening phases. The included studies were conducted from across diverse settings including both lowand middle-income countries (LMIC) and high-income countries (HIC). Two broad themes were developed from the findings including: 1. Factors influencing graduate employability and 2) Radiography education and training programme characteristics. Conclusion: The findings highlight and advocate for an innovative model for Radiography education and underscores the significance of graduates possessing multi-modality skills, varied competencies, and effective accreditation processes for training. Prioritising alignment with industry needs and holistic skill development is vital to closing the employability gap, ultimately improving graduate skills and competencies to address workforce shortage while improving patient care outcomes. Implications for practice: Radiography training institutions should explore the development of new innovative models for multi-modality pre-registration education. This should offer adaptable routes that align seamlessly with the evolving regulatory, technological, and clinical trends. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The College of Radiographers. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).