Sleep Patterns and Risks of Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality among People with Type 2 Diabetes: a Prospective Study of the UK Biobank

Background To explore the relationship between sleep patterns and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality risk in a population with type 2 diabetes through a UK Biobank sample. Methods A total of 6860 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in this study. Five sleep factors (including Chronotype, sleep duration, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and snoring) were collected as a questionnaire. The calculation generates a sleep score of 0–5, and then three sleep patterns were defined based on the sleep scores: poor sleep pattern (0–2), Intermediate sleep pattern (3–4), and healthy sleep pattern (5). HRs and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by multivariate COX proportional risk model adjustment. Restricted cubic splines were used to validate linear associations between sleep scores CVD events. Results Our results found a reduced risk of CVD events in individuals with healthy sleep patterns compared to participants with poor sleep patterns. CVD Mortality (HR, 0.690; 95% CI 0.519–0.916), ASCVD (Atherosclerosis CVD) (HR, 0.784; 95% CI 0.671–0.915), CAD (Coronary Artery Disease) (HR, 0.737; 95% CI 0.618–0.879), PAD (Peripheral Arterial Disease) (HR, 0.612; 95% CI 0.418–0.896), Heart Failure (HR, 0.653; 95% CI 0.488–0.875). Restricted cubic spline responded to a negative linear correlation between sleep scores and CVD Mortality, ASCVD, CAD, PAD, and Heart Failure. Conclusions Healthy sleep patterns are significantly associated with a reduced risk of CVD Mortality, ASCVD, CAD, PAD, and Heart Failure in the diabetes population.