Novel Catalysis Systems for the Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), an emerging class of crystalline polymers, are meticulously constructed through covalent bonds, resulting in well-defined structures and crystalline characteristics. Precise control over their architecture, permeability, and functionality can be easily achieved simply via selection of precursor monomers. The tailored architecture and functionality make COFs versatile for various applications including gas storage, pollutant removal, catalysis, and energy storage. Efficient synthesis of COFs with high crystallinity and high yield significantly improves their performance. However, conventional synthetic methods often involve complex setups and costs. Innovations in catalysis have emerged as solutions, including refined activation procedures, novel catalysts, and alternative synthesis conditions. This review comprehensively explores current catalysis systems for COF synthesis, detailing catalysts for various linkages, elucidating mechanisms, and addressing challenges. Future directions and extensions of COF synthesis and applications are also highlighted. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of novel catalysis systems employed in the synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs). It delves into catalysts utilized for various linkages, elucidates underlying mechanisms, and addresses existing challenges in COF synthesis. Additionally, the review outlines future directions for COF synthesis and emerging applications.image