Phytochemical investigation on Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) and its chemotaxonomic significance

A phytochemical study conducted on Ginkgo biloba L. led to the isolation and purification of sixteen compounds which include one bilobalide (1), one ginkgolide (2), one dipeptide (3), five lignans (4-8), two flavonoids (9, 10), two sterols (11, 12), three phenolic compounds (13-15), and one fatty alcohol (16). Their structures were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and comparison with literature data. Among them, compounds (3-10, 12, 13, 15, 16) were isolated for the first time from Gingko biloba L. In addition, the importance of these compounds from a chemotaxonomic perspective was discussed.