Harnessing Jasmonate, Salicylate, and Microbe Synergy for Abiotic Stress Resilience in Crop Plants

Due to frequently changing global climatic conditions, the frequency of abiotic stresses such as unexpected flooding, drought, different temperature regimes leading high or low temperature, soil salinization, and nutrient deficiency or toxicity has been dramatically increased. These stresses are important threats to sustainable agriculture causing numerous direct and indirect effects on plants ultimately influence the quantity and quality of food crops. However, plants are equipped with array of internal methods for coping with devastating impacts of stress including production of antioxidants, osmoprotectants, proteins, phytohormones, relocation of nitrogen, phosphorus etc. Phytohormones in general play crucial role in the regulation of various physiological and biochemical processes in terms of plant growth, development, and productivity under normal as well as stressful conditions. Adaptation and resistance towards these stresses need sophisticated perception, signalling, and responsive mechanisms. In this review, we go through recent developments in comprehension how jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) control abiotic stress responses in plants. Interaction of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with the roots of higher plants alters the concentration of endogenous phytohormones and exemplifies a novel pattern of hormonal interaction. PGPR help plants withstand abiotic stressors by altering the sensitivity to response and controlling the production of phytohormones. Since they activate signalling pathways, the interaction of phytohormones is essential for the survival of plants under adverse conditions and emphasis is given on the crosstalk of JA, SA, and PGPRs.