Nanosecond laser etching for enhanced multi-scale layered micro-nano superhydrophilic 304 stainless steel surface

This paper aims to utilize a nanosecond laser and a two-step laser etching method on a 304 stainless steel plate to construct a multi-scale hierarchical composite micro-nano superhydrophilic surface. This surface combines various characteristics such as micro-nano, multi-scale, layered, and multi-level features. By creating this unique surface microstructure, we can alter the surface morphology and roughness to further enhance the mechanical durability and wetting performance of the superhydrophilic stainless steel surface. Through this approach, the constructed surface exhibits strong hydrophilic properties and can withstand wear for distances up to and beyond 6 m.