Depollution of Effluents in Industrial Wastewater by Integrated Membrane and the Photocatalytic Processes: New Green Synthesis of Nanosized ZnO

New green synthesized ZnO nanostructures and ZnO-cellulose acetate (ZCA) integrated membrane exhibited a remarkable photodegradation efficiency for malachite green (MG) and methylene blue (MB) and Congo red dyes. Nano-sized ZnO powder was green synthesized through using Lycium barbarum L. leaf extract. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis verified the formation of pure hexagonal ZnO structure. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images displayed the well distribution ZnO particles with hexagonal and semi-spherical shapes. The green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles revealed a band gap energy of 3.02 eV. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of ZnO powder demonstrated the characteristic absorption peaks of ZnO and –OH group of adsorbed water. Under natural sunlight, the green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles exhibits high photodegradation characteristics for malachite green (10–30 mg/L), methylene blue (20 mg/L) and Congo red (20 mg/L) in 100 min. The photodegradation efficiency of the ZnO catalyst was reached to 97, 95 and 98