Mind the blank: behavioral, experiential, and physiological signatures of absent-mindedness

Does being awake mean being conscious? This study investigates Mind Blanking (MB), characterized by an "emptiness of mind", comparing it with Mind Wandering (MW) and On-task (ON) states. Using a sustained attention task and electroencephalogram monitoring on 26 participants, behavioral and neurophysiological signatures of MB were examined. MB exhibited a specific pattern of behavioral lapses, as well as decreased fast oscillatory activity and complexity over posterior electrodes compared to MW. Functional connectivity analyses also revealed decreased frontal-posterior connectivity during MB and event-related potentials indicated a disruption in late-stage visual processing, suggesting a lack of conscious access to sensory information during MB. EEG-based neural features enabled trial-level prediction of mental states, furnishing estimates of the fine-grained dynamics of consciousness beyond subjective reports. Overall, these findings challenge the notion of continuous wake consciousness, suggesting that MB represents genuine gaps in our stream of thoughts. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Employing cutting-edge neurophysiological techniques on high-density EEG recordings, our study unveils unique neurophysiological markers of mind blanking—a phenomenon characterized by lapses in conscious content amidst the flow of consciousness. Distinguished from task-oriented states and mind wandering, this signature sheds light on the elusive nature of mind blanking. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feasibility of decoding consciousness dynamics solely from EEG features, transcending the limitations of intermittent subjective reports. Our findings not only provide a novel framework for investigating the stream of consciousness but also challenge the conventional notion that wakefulness invariably signifies consciousness. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. All data, code, and materials used in the analysis will be freely available upon publication.