Cavity expansion-based interpretation of piezocone penetration test (CPTu) data in clays

A cavity expansion-based method is proposed in this paper to correlate the relevant findings with the piezocone penetration test (CPTu) data in clays. The rigorous and explicit solution for both spherical and cylindrical undrained cavity expansion is adopted based on a unified critical state constitutive model for clays and sands. The developed analogous model is comprehensively validated against two series of advanced numerical simulations and calibration chamber tests of the CPTu in fine-grained soils, along with bias analyses. The effects of the over-consolidation ratio and initial state parameter are extensively investigated for various clay types. Both theoretical and empirical correlations are then proposed for back-calculations of cone factor, undrained shear strength, over-consolidation ratio and initial state parameter of clays. Two case studies of CPTu tests are additionally conducted to examine correlations and contours of in-situ state parameter, demonstrating the applicability of the proposed theoretical approach for interpretation of the CPTu data.