Animal models of eosinophilic esophagitis, review and perspectives

Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is an allergen/immune-mediated chronic esophageal disease characterized by esophageal mucosal eosinophilic infiltration and esophageal dysfunction. Although the disease was originally attributed to a delayed allergic reaction to allergens and a Th2-type immune response, the exact pathogenesis is complex, and the efficacy of existing treatments is unsatisfactory. Therefore, the study of the pathophysiological process of EOE has received increasing attention. Animal models have been used extensively to study the molecular mechanism of EOE pathogenesis and also provide a preclinical platform for human clinical intervention studies of novel therapeutic agents. To maximize the use of existing animal models of EOE, it is important to understand the advantages or limitations of each modeling approach. This paper systematically describes the selection of experimental animals, types of allergens, and methods of sensitization and excitation during the preparation of animal models of EoE. It also discusses the utility and shortcomings of each model with the aim of providing the latest perspectives on EoE models and leading to better choices of animal models. Different modeling methods and primary pathological characteristics of eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) mouse models, which include models of EoE induced by antigens such as Aspergillus fumigatus, ovalbumin, peanuts, indoor insects/detergents, as well as models induced by IL-10 and genetic engineering. All of these models can lead to esophageal eosinophilia and esophageal remodeling.image