Experimental identification of force, velocity, and nematic order relationships in active nematic cell monolayers
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Cell alignment often forms nematic order, which can lead to anomalous
collective cell flow due to the so-called active force. Although it is
appreciated that cell migration is driven by traction force, a quantitative
evaluation of the relationships between the traction force, the nematic
patterning, and the cell flow velocity is still elusive. Here we have found
that cellular traction force aligns almost perfectly and is proportional in
amplitude to the gradient of the nematic order tensor, not only near the
topological defects but also globally. Furthermore, the flow in the monolayer
was best described by adding nonlinear forces and a diffusion term derived from
symmetry considerations. These nonlinear active forces enhance density
instability but suppress bending instability, explaining why cell accumulation
and dispersion can occur in neural progenitor cell culture while their ordering
pattern is stable.
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