Mineralogy, geochemistry and mineralization of iron ore deposition in NW Sanandaj-Sirjan Geological Zone: A futuristic review based on a representative case study

This study focuses on NW Sanandaj-Sirjan zone and its iron ore deposition, including a representative case study, called Maimoon-Abad area. This zone is a significant geological feature within Iran's. This region boasts diverse iron ore occurrences intricately intertwined with volcano -sedimentary rock formations, some with notable economic potential. In the geological context, the study reveals metamorphosed volcano -sedimentary rocks dating back to the Mesozoic era, intruded by granitic bodies originating from the Triassic -Jurassic period. This chronological framework provides crucial temporal context for understanding subsequent mineralization processes. Fieldwork uncovered prominent iron mineralization, primarily disseminated magnetite lenses, concentrated in the northwestern sector of the study area. These lenses are embedded within metamorphosed volcanosedimentary rocks and the Suffi-Abad granite, strongly suggesting the presence of skarn-type iron deposits. Petrographical analysis identified magnetite as the dominant ore mineral, coexisting with hematite, goethite, and pyrite. Multiple generations of magnetite were observed, alongside various alteration phenomena like chloritization, silicification, and carbonation. Advanced electron microprobe techniques scrutinized magnetite grains at a granular level, unveiling trace elements and intricate spatial variations within the grains, offering compelling evidence of the complex processes governing magnetite formation. Ore geochemistry conducted a comprehensive analysis of major, trace, and rare earth element contents in both iron lenses and host rocks. The distinctive geochemical signatures in the iron deposits strongly support their hydrothermal and hydrogenous origins. The ensuing discussion explores various facets, including the influences of metamorphism, the iron's source, and a conjectured genetic model explaining the formation of the Maimoon-Abad area. In summary, this comprehensive inquiry posits that the genesis of iron mineralization in the Maimoon-Abad area is a complex orchestration, driven by a synergy of volcanic activity, hydrothermal venting, and sedimentary contributions. This research stands as an indispensable compendium, shedding light on the intricate geological history and mechanisms underpinning the inception of the Maimoon-Abad area. It underscores the pivotal roles played by sedimentary and hydrothermal processes in shaping this geological marvel.