Designing sensory adaptive environments to enhance participation in healthcare for autistic children

Many autistic individuals experience sensory features that impact participation in healthcare. In this study, we aimed to identify the needs of autistic children during healthcare participation and, based on the findings, generate solutions to improve participation in healthcare. A design-thinking approach with qualitative methods was used. First, observation of the environment and journey mapping were completed as part of the empathy stage of design thinking. Next, six parents of autistic children completed semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed, and thematic analysis was used to identify themes. Next, healthcare providers participated in a group session to discuss experiences caring for autistic children. These data were also analyzed using qualitative methods, and themes emerged. Finally, healthcare providers and five interior design and architecture professionals reviewed the themes from both groups and the best available literature. They participated in a brainstorming session where solutions were collaboratively generated. Four main themes emerged from the parent's interviews, and three themes emerged from the healthcare provider’s input. Several solutions were identified during the brainstorming session, including a prototype for a sensory adaptive environment, sensory adaptations during medical procedures, and training for providers on sensory features in autism. The design thinking method was appropriate to identify the problem and potential solutions to improve participation in healthcare for autistic children.