Surgical procedure and recurrence of upper urinary tract stone: a national-wide study based on hospitalized patients

This study aimed to investigate the influence of surgical intervention on recurrence risk of upper urinary tract stone and compare the medical burden of various surgical procedures. This study analyzed data from patients with upper urinary tract stone extracted from a national database of hospitalized patients in China, from January 2013 to December 2018. Surgical recurrence was defined as patients experience surgical procedures for upper urinary tract stone again with a time interval over 90 days. Associations of surgical procedures with surgical recurrence were evaluated by Cox regression. In total, 556,217 patients with upper urinary tract stone were included in the present analysis. The mean age of the population was 49.9 ± 13.1 years and 64.1