Geniposide reduced oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in HK-2 cell through PI3K/AKT3/FOXO1 by m6A modification

Exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) may generate excessive oxidative stress, inducing renal cell apoptosis related with kidney dysfunction. Geniposide (GP) belongs to the iridoid compound with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. This study aimed to observe the intervention effect of GP on H2O2-induced apoptosis in human kidney-2 (HK-2) cells and to explore its potential mechanism in relation to N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation. Cell viability, apotosis rate and cell cycle were tested separately after different treatments. The mRNA and protein levels of m6A related enzymes and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase 3 (AKT3)/forkhead boxo 1 (FOXO1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. The whole m6A methyltransferase activity and the m6A content were measured by ELISA-like colorimetric methods. The changes of m6A methylation levels of PI3K/AKT3/FOXO1 and SOD2 were determined by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP)-qPCR. Multiple comparisons were performed by ANOVA with Turkey's post hoc test. Exposed to 400 μmol/L H2O2, cells were arrested in G1 phase and the apoptosis rate increased, which were significantly alleviated by GP. Compared with the H2O2 apoptosis group, both the whole m6A RNA methyltransferase activity and the m6A contents were increased due to GP intervention. Besides, the SOD2 protein was increased, while PI3K and FOXO1 decreased. The m6A methylation level of AKT3 was negatively correlated with its protein level. Taken together, GP affects the global m6A methylation microenvironment and regulates the expression of PI3K/AKT3/FOXO1 signaling pathway via m6A modification, alleviating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis caused by oxidative stress in HK-2 cells with a good application prospect.