Anticoagulation Therapy After Reperfusion Treatment for Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation-Related Acute Ischemic Stroke—A Multicenter Retrospective Study

Abstract Objective To understand anticoagulation therapy in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with related atrial fibrillation (AF) after receiving reperfusion treatments in the real world. Methods This retrospective study collected basic clinical data, the initiation time of anticoagulation therapy, treatment plans, and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), or a combination of IVT and EVT from January 2019 to January 2022 in four tertiary hospitals in Jiangxi Province. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing anticoagulation therapy in these patients. Results A total of 410 patients met the selection criteria, including 168 (41.0%) in the IVT group, 144 (35.1%) in the EVT group, and 98 (23.9%) in the IVT + EVT group. Initiation of anticoagulation therapy within 14 days post-AIS was found in 175 patients in total (42.7%), which is significantly different in three groups (49.7% in IVT group, 30.3% in EVT group, and 20.0% in IVT + EVT groups, P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that prior use of antiplatelet drugs was more common in patients receiving early anticoagulation therapy (OR = 0.122, 95% CI: 0.065–0.228, P < 0.01). Patients receiving no anticoagulation had higher-3- days post-reperfusion NIHSS score (OR = 1.109, 95% CI: 1.073–1.147, P < 0.01) and more in-hospital hemorrhagic transformation (OR = 2.572, 95% CI: 1.423–4.648, P < 0.01). Of all patients, 281 had a favorable 90-day prognosis [mRS score 0–2], including 152 (86.9%) in the early anticoagulation group and 129 (54.9%) in the late anticoagulation group (P < 0.01). Postoperative 90-day outcomes included 25 (6.1%) cases of recurrent ischemic stroke (P = 0.55) and 27 (6.6%) bleeding events (p = 0.32). Conclusions Early initiation of anticoagulation therapy improves 90-day outcomes in nonvalvular AF post-related AIS patients with related AF after receiving reperfusion treatments; however, the initiation of anticoagulation in most patients might be much later than the currently recommended timing in real world.