Fabrication of PGE/CMC/Bathocuproine probe applicable for voltammetry determination of Phenol

Among surface fabrication methods, electrodeposition is considered the most advantageous because it can be performed using a low-cost fabrication process and generate robust chemical and mechanical Nano films within a short time. This study demonstrates the innovative development and exact optimization of an advanced electrochemical sensor platform designed for the highly sensitive detection and quantification of Phenol present in industrial wastewaters. The sensor’s construction entails the meticulous electrodeposition of Nanofilms comprising carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and Bathocuproine disulfonic acid disodium salt onto a pencil graphite electrode, complemented by the integration of highly efficacious surface modifiers such as carboxymethyl cellulose and Bathocuproine. To unravel the morphology of the fabricated sensor film’s nanostructures, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was employed, affirming the successful electrodeposition. The proposed sensor showed exceptional catalytic activity in the electrooxidation of Phenol, characterized by an impressive α value of 0.93, a substantially high logarithm of Ks of 2.93, and a commendable Γ value of 1.16 × 10–8. A wide standard calibration curve covering a concentration range of 25–225 nmol l−1 was implemented, thus enabling precise and accurate quantification of Phenol. Impressively, the sensor exhibited remarkable sensitivity, evident through its remarkably low limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), measuring at 8.31 and 24.97 nmol l−1, respectively. With its exceptional performance, minimal environmental impact, and unparalleled accuracy, this electrochemical sensor exhibited immense potential in the meticulous analysis of Phenol encountered in petrol and resin factory wastewaters. By embracing this state-of-the-art technology in analytical applications, researchers can effectively monitor and develop robust mitigation strategies aimed at combating Phenol contamination.